Visas for Victims: U Visa, T Visa & VAWA

Immigration is federal law and policy changes frequently. This is general information, not legal advice — these victim-based cases are sensitive and complex, so talk to a qualified immigration attorney or an accredited nonprofit.

U.S. immigration law sets aside special humanitarian protections for people who’ve been harmed. Three are especially important.

U visa — for victims of crime

The U visa (U nonimmigrant status) is for victims of certain qualifying crimes who suffered substantial abuse and are helpful to law enforcement investigating or prosecuting the crime. It’s requested on Form I-918, comes with work authorization, and can lead to a green card. Because there’s an annual cap on principal U visas, eligible petitioners may be placed on a waiting list (often with interim protection) until a visa is available.

T visa — for trafficking victims

The T visa (T nonimmigrant status) is for victims of a severe form of human trafficking who generally comply with reasonable law-enforcement requests to assist (with exceptions, including for those under 18 or unable to cooperate due to trauma). It’s requested on Form I-914 and can lead to permanent residence.

VAWA self-petition — for abuse by a family member

Under the Violence Against Women Act, an abused spouse, child, or parent of a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident can self-petition for status on Form I-360 — without the abuser’s knowledge or consent, and USCIS won’t notify the abuser. VAWA protects victims of any gender.

These cases turn on detailed facts and evidence. To get matched with a local immigration attorney, connect with a lawyer. See also how removal proceedings work and the immigration overview.